I found these dialogues on the Articuli Fidei Blog, owned by David Waltz to be invaluable. Thanks David!
John 17:1 Jesus spoke these things; and lifting up His eyes to heaven, He said, “Father, the hour has come; glorify Your Son, that the Son may glorify You, 2 even as You gave Him authority over all flesh, that to [a]all whom You have given Him, He may give eternal life. 3 This is eternal life, that they may know You, the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom You have sent.
Eph 4:5-6 5 one Lord, one faith, one baptism, 6 one God and Father of all who is over all and through all and in all.
1 Cor 8:6 6 yet for us there is but one God, the Father, from whom are all things and we exist for Him; and one Lord, Jesus Christ, by whom are all things, and we exist through Him.
1 Tim 2:5 For there is one God, and one mediator also between God and men, the man Christ Jesus
Those who refuse to believe generic unity among the divine persons and the Monarchy of the Father point to many passages that use the word “Theos” of the Son:
John 20:28 28 Thomas answered and said to Him (Jesus), “My Lord and my God!”
John 1:1 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. 2 [a]He was in the beginning with God. 3 All things came into being through Him, and apart from Him nothing came into being that has come into being. 4 In Him was life, and the life was the Light of men. 5 The Light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not [b]comprehend it…18 No one has seen God at any time; the only begotten God who is in the bosom of the Father, He has explained Him.
Romans 9: 5 whose are the fathers, and from whom is [b]the Christ according to the flesh, who is over all, God blessed [c]forever. Amen.
Hebrews 1:6 And [f]when He again brings the firstborn into [g]the world, He says,“AND LET ALL THE ANGELS OF GOD WORSHIP HIM.” 7 And of the angels He says, “WHO MAKES HIS ANGELS WINDS, AND HIS MINISTERS A FLAME OF FIRE.” 8 But of the Son He says, “YOUR THRONE, O GOD, IS FOREVER AND EVER, AND THE RIGHTEOUS SCEPTER IS THE SCEPTER OF [h]HIS KINGDOM.
What they fail to provide for us is that the one essence/substance/nature is the one God in three persons which is not found in the Bible. The Scripture does describe the Father as the one person who is, “tou monou Theos” (John 5:44 “How can you believe, when you receive [fn]glory from one another and you do not seek the [fn]glory that is from the one and only God?), “ton monon alethinon theon” (John 17:3 “This is eternal life, that they may know You, the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom You have sent.) and “eis theos” (1Cor 8:6 yet for us there is but one God, the Father, from whom are all things and we exist for Him; and one Lord, Jesus Christ, by whom are all things, and we exist through Him; Eph 4:6 one God and Father of all ).
David Waltz says in his The Trinity: a ‘clear’ Biblical teaching, or a post-Biblical development? commenting on DECEMBER 27, 2010 12:43-44 PM,
“Now with this brief background in mind, I shall propose three interpretive options for John 20:28:
1. When Thomas exclaimed: My Lord and my God!”, he was affirming that the risen Jesus Christ was promised eschatological king; the appointed visible representative of “the one true God”, who is invisible, and whom “no man has seen”.
2. When Thomas exclaimed: My Lord and my God!”, he was affirming that the risen Jesus Christ was actually the invisible God of Israel. This view was understood in two different trajectories: modalism and Trinitarianism.
3. When Thomas exclaimed: My Lord and my God!”, he was addressing the Father in heaven who had resurrected Jesus Christ. (This was interpretation of Theodore of Mopsuestia, an early defender of the Nicene Creed, who wanted to eliminate all/any modalistic and/or docetic options.)” [Ioannes-the αυτω signals that Thomas was speaking to Jesus. The nominative is here used for the vocative, and barring indications to the contrary, the only natural interpretation is to take the vocatival address as directed to the person being spoken to.]…
As for Psalm 110:1, I shall let the highly respected Evangelical NT scholar, Dr. Craig L. Blomberg, speak for my view:
==[Matthew] 22:43-44 The Pharisees’ answer (v. 42b) sets up Jesus’ real question. If the Messiah is merely the human offspring of David, why does David himself speak of him as “Lord”—a master or sovereign above the one who is king of Israel and the highest human authority in the land? Jesus here employs the rabbinic method of setting up an antinomy and then resolving it. He bases his argument on Ps. 110:1, assuming with the Judaism of his time the accuracy of the Davidic superscription, and the inspiration of the actual text itself., which would therefore imply its truthfulness. Given these assumptions, the second “Lord” (Heb. adōnāi, not Yahweh) only be the Messiah. Again Jesus’ reasoning finds pre-Christian Jewish precedent. This “lord” resides at the position of highest privilege and authority, second only to God the Father. He sits next to the Father’s throne and rules over all his enemies (Ps. 110:4), presumably including those in Jesus audience! (The New American Commentary – An Exegetical and Theological Exposition of Holy Scripture – Matthew, p. 336.)==”…
(Continuing to David’s comment on DECEMBER 28, 2010 10:12 AM)
“[David quoting anther commenter] “The article in ho Theos mou (Jn 20:28) is grammatically conditioned, in that a vocatival nominative followed by a possessive pronoun is invariably articular, and strictly speaking without theological signifance.”
Me: Precisely. Dr. Karl Rahner is his essay “Theos in the New Testament” convincingly argues the same, and emphatically states:
“We maintain that in the New Testament ho Theos signifies the First Person of the Trinity, and does not merely stand for him often; and this apples to every case in which another meaning of ho Theos does not become clearly evident from the context. These few exceptions in no way support the opinion that ho Theos merely stands for the Father without actually signifying him.” (Theological Investigations, vol. 1, pp. 126, 127.)
A bit later he adds:
“The article in Jn 20:28 is explained by the mou, which normally requires the article before it; by its use with the vocative (Blass-Debrunner, Grammatik des ntl. Griechisch, § 147, 3); and by its presence in the established formula ho kurios kai ho Theos (cf. Apoc 4:11). It should further be noted that ho Theos mou, whether it is taken as vocative or nominative, is predicative in sense, and so cannot be used as evidence either way to show whether ho Theos in the New Testament usage ever appears as subject of a statement referring to Christ.” (Ibid., p. 136.) [Implying that a distinction between Theos and ho Theos needs to be made-DS]
And commenting on DECEMBER 28, 2010 4:21 PM David says, “I have been emphasizing that the Scriptures never address him (Christ-DS) as the “one God”, the “only God”, and the “only true God”.”
But what of I John 5:20’s reference to the Son as “the true God”? David says commenting on DECEMBER 29, 2010 2:04 PM “the Son of God, is the “monogenes Theos” [John 1:18-DS]. Certainly the Son of God, who is the “monogenes Theos”, is not a false God, and yet, I must acknowledge that in a very real sense it is God the Father alone who is, “ton monon alethinon theon”.
I have yet to find an aspect of David’s Triadology that I disagree with.
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